PROLIFERATIVE PHASE, SECRETORY PHASE, MENSTRUAL PHASE.

There are three phases in menstrual cycle.

1- proliferative phase.

2-Secretory phase.

3-menstrual phase

PROLIFERATIVE PHASE

This is also called follicular phase.
It\’s start from day\’s 6 to 14 days after menstruation period.
In this phase pituitary gland release follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) which is responsible for maturation of follicles.
FSH stimulate the ovary to produce 5to 20 follicles .
But only one follicle mature to secondary oocyte.
During maturation of follicles the granulosa cell produce estrogen hormone
Estrogen hormone is responsible for thicken the uterus with blood and capillaries so that fertilized egg implant successfully.
when the follicle mature from primordial follicle to graafian follicle then the pituitary gland release leutenizing hormone (LH)
Due to LH (leutenizing hormone) graafian follicle burst open and secondary oocyte release from graafian follicle.this is called ovulation.
In this phase the endometrium of uterus consist of three layers.basal layer, functional layer and spongy layer.

SECRETORY PHASE

This phase start from days 15 to 28 after ovulation.

Due leutenizing hormone the graafian follicle degenerate into corpus luteum.
The corpus luteum release progesterone hormone which is responsible for endometrial blood supply.
It is also called luteal phase.
In this phase the functional layer of uterus become spongy and thickness about 3.5mm

MENSTRUAL PHASE

It is started from First day of menstrual period to continue till 5th day.
If the sperm and ovum not fertilized at ampulla of the fallopian tube
Then the corpus luteum stop produce progesterone hormone which is necessary for maintenance of pregnancy or for intact of endometrium to sustain pregnancy.
The corpus luteum sinks into corpus albican.
So the progesterone levels fall.
Due to fall of progesterone levels the endometrium lining with blood , capillaries and unfertilized egg shed through the vagina.is called menstrual phase.