PELVIC GIRDLE AND LOWER LIMB

The lower limb or leg forms a joint with the trunk at the pelvic girdle.

THE PELVIC GIRDLE

• The pelvic girdle is made up of only 2 innominate or hip bones

INNOMINATE BONES(HIP BONES)

• Each innominate bone consists of 3 fused bones .
• 1-Ilium
• 2-Ischium
• 3- pubis
• on the lateral surface of innominate bone there is a deep depression called acetabulum in which femur bone of the leg articulate so that we can run and walk.
• ilium is the upper flat and large part of innominate bone .
• ilium has two end upper end ad lower end ,upper  end of  ilium is called iliac crest
• lower border of ilium attach  with acetabulum.
• in anterior part of iliac crest there is a pointed projection of bone is called ANTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC  SPINE .
• Below the anterior superior iliac spine another bony projection is there called ANTERIOR INFERIOR ILIAC SOINE
• ,Between ilium and sacrum there are two joint in each side of the pelvis is called sacroiliac joint.
• pubis is the anterior part of the bone and  it articulate with other hip bone at a cartilaginous joint called symphysis pubis.

Ischium is the inferior and posterior part of innominate bone.

Rough inferior projection of the ischium is called ischial tuberosities. 

Ischial tuberosities help to seat so it is called siting bone.

union of three bone such as ilium ,ischium and pubis takes place in the acetabulum.

THE PELVIS 

The pelvis is composed of four bones .

Two innominate bone 

one sacrum 

one coccyx

it is divided upper and lower part of the pelvis by brim .

pelvis consisting promontory of the sacrum and the iliopectineal lines .

The part of pelvis above brim is called false pelvis and below the brim is called true pelvis

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ,MALE AND FEMALE PELVES

The female pelvis brim is rounded and easy for delivery 

the male pelvis is heart shaped and not easy for delivery

Pelvic Girdle Anatomy – MCQs (25)
1. The pelvic girdle is formed by:
A. Two femur bones
B. Two innominate bones
C. Sacrum only
D. Coccyx only
Answer: B

2. Each innominate bone is formed by fusion of:
A. Ilium and ischium
B. Ischium and pubis
C. Ilium, ischium and pubis
D. Sacrum and ilium
Answer: C
3. The largest part of the hip bone is:
A. Pubis
B. Ischium
C. Ilium
D. Acetabulum
Answer: C
4. The iliac crest is located on:
A. Pubis
B. Ischium
C. Ilium
D. Sacrum
Answer: C
5. The acetabulum is a socket for:
A. Head of femur
B. Head of tibia
C. Head of fibula
D. Head of humerus
Answer: A
6. The obturator foramen is formed by:
A. Ilium and pubis
B. Ischium and pubis
C. Ilium and ischium
D. Sacrum and pubis
Answer: B
7. The pubic symphysis is a:
A. Synovial joint

B. Fibrous joint
C. Cartilaginous joint
D. Ball and socket joint
Answer: C
8. Which bone forms the anterior part of the pelvis?
A. Ilium
B. Ischium
C. Pubis
D. Sacrum
Answer: C
9. The ischial tuberosity bears weight while:
A. Standing
B. Walking
C. Sitting
D. Running
Answer: C

10. The greater sciatic notch is present in:
A. Pubis
B. Ischium
C. Ilium
D. Sacrum
Answer: C
11. The pelvic girdle connects the lower limb to:
A. Thoracic cage
B. Upper limb
C. Vertebral column
D. Skull
Answer: C
12. The true pelvis is located:
A. Above pelvic brim
B. Below pelvic brim
C. At iliac crest
D. At acetabulum
Answer: B
13. The false pelvis is also called:
A. Major pelvis
B. Minor pelvis
C. Pelvic outlet
D. Pelvic cavity
Answer: A
14. The pelvic inlet is bounded by:
A. Pelvic brim
B. Iliac crest
C. Pubic crest
D. Ischial spine
Answer: A
15. Which structure passes through obturator foramen?
A. Sciatic nerve
B. Obturator nerve and vessels
C. Femoral nerve
D. Pudendal nerve
Answer: B
16. The acetabulum is formed by:
A. Ilium only
B. Pubis only
C. Ischium only
D. All three hip bones
Answer: D
17. The ischial spine is located between:
A. Two foramina
B. Two notches
C. Two crests
D. Two fossae
Answer: B
18. The pelvic outlet is bounded anteriorly by:
A. Sacrum
B. Coccyx
C. Pubic arch
D. Ischial tuberosity
Answer: C
19. The pelvic girdle protects:
A. Heart and lungs
B. Brain
C. Pelvic organs
D. Abdominal muscles
Answer: C
20. The sacroiliac joint is between:
A. Sacrum and coccyx
B. Sacrum and ilium
C. Ilium and pubis
D. Ischium and pubis
Answer: B
21. The ischium forms the:
A. Upper part of hip bone
B.  Posteroinferior part of hip bone
C. Anterior part of hip bone
D. Medial part of hip bone
Answer: B
22. The pubic arch is formed by:
A. Pubic rami
B. Iliac crest
C. Ischial spine
D. Sacrum
Answer: A
23. The pelvic girdle supports the weight of:
A. Upper limb
B. Head
C. Trunk
D. Neck
Answer: C
24. The joint between two pubic bones is:
A. Sacroiliac joint
B. Hip joint
C. Pubic symphysis
D. Lumbosacral joint
Answer: C
25. The pelvis differs in males and females mainly for:
A. Locomotion
B. Protection
C. Childbirth
D. Balance
Answer: C