VULVA ( External genitalia)

 VULVA(EXTERNAL GENITALIA) 

The female reproductive organs are those whose function and structure are related to the process of fertilizing an egg of female women(fertilization), growth and development of the fetus and sexual function.external female genitalia organ is called vulva or pudendum. all the external genitalia organs of women which we can see( visible organ).in the perineum.is called vulva

VULVA(EXTERNAL GENITAL)The external female genital organ is called vulva or pudendum. All the external genital s organs of women which we can see( visible organ) in the perineum. It comes under vulva  

.THE VULVA MADE UP OF THE FOLLOWING PARTS
1-mons pubis
2-labia majora3-labia minora4-clitoris
5-vestibule of vagina .There are four openings into the vestibuleA-Urethral opening.B-vaginal orifice OR vaginal openingC-opening of Bartholin\’s  ductsD-Skene\’s gland

MONS PUBIS

1-Mons pubis situated in front of the pubic symphysis.2-it is a triangular area.  3-it extend from pubic symphysis till clitoris in bottom.4-hairline appears in puberty and cover the mons pubis.5-it plays a role  in sexual attraction6-.it feel soft due to deposit of fatty tissue and looks prominent.

LABIA MAJORA

1-Vulva is surrounded by labia majora on each side2-it looks prominent and elevated skin of labia majora due to subcutaneous fat under the skin.3-it contain sweat gland beneath the skin.4- the skin of labia majora supply with venous plexus. (venous plexus means, it is a set of the blood vessel.5-it is homologous with the scrotum in the male.6-It is two-fold of skin that protects vaginal orifice and urethral opening. LABIA MINORA

• – hair is not present in the inner surface of the labia majora .
•   the skin fold .of labia minora is smaller than labia majora.
•  labia minora is the inner lip and labia majora is outer lip.
•  Labia minora are soft thin fold of skin situated between the two labia majora.
•  Anteriorly labia minora surround the clitoris and posteriorly it joins and forms fourchette.
•   Hair is not present in labia minora and it is fat-free area.
•  It consists of sensory nerve endings that transmit the sensory message in the direction of the central nervous system such as pain and touch.
• -It consists of  sebaceous glands(sebaceous glands means, small glands present in the skin which secrete an oily substance to lubricate the skin and hair.
•   Mucous membrane ( internal surface )of labia minora looks pink color.
•  It contains spongy tissue and with many small blood vessel.
•  Labia minora are two thin fatless skin situated both sides of the vaginal opening.  
• CLITORIS
• cavernosa are erectile tissue continue from the body of clitoris. when sexual stimulation occurs it fills with blood and develop an erection.

• -the paired crura divided into two parts and extend laterally from the body of the clitoris…
• the vestibular bulb join at the anterior part of urethral opening.it is erectile tissue  and elongated mass situated both sides of the vaginal opening.at the time of sexual arousal the vestibular bulb fill with blood and become engorged.
• -Clitoris is alike to the penis in the male.  

VESTIBULE OF VAGINA

The vestibule of the vagina is triangular shape surrounded anteriorly by the clitoris and posteriorly by the fourchette and from both sides by labia minora..There are four openings into the vestibule of the vagina.1- Urethral opening (Female)2- Vaginal orifice3- Opening of Bartholin\’s ducts4- Skene’s glands 1-URETHRAL OPENING .What is Urethra? 1-The female urethra is a muscular structure tube that carrying urine from the bladder to outside of the body.2-The female urethra is 4 cm long starting from the neck of the bladder to the external urethral opening.3-The female urethra is shorter than the male urethra.4-The female urethra opens in front of the vaginal opening in the vestibule.5-Paraurethral glands are situated on every side of the opening of the urethra, it secretes fluid and lubricates the urethral opening. 2- VAGINAL ORIFICE 1-Vaginal orifice or vaginal opening is situated in the vestibule of vagina below the external urethra orifice2-It is partially closed by hymen is a thin membrane consist of connective tissue. In some cases, it completely covers the vaginal opening.3- a woman who has never given birth of offspring is also called nullipara .and in nullipara women, the vaginal opening is closed by the labia minora.4-a women who have given birth one or more times are also called parous women and in parous women the vaginal the opening may be open.5-the hymen that is a membrane partially close the vaginal opening of the female.6-that hymen tears at the time of sexual intercourse or at the time of the first birth of a child.7-remaining part of the hymen is called carunculae myrtiformes.

3-OPENING OF BARTHOLIN\’S DUCTS

1-There are two small glands that open both sides of the vaginal orifice.2-Bartholin glands are yellowish-white in color and pea-sized.3-at the time of sexual arousal it secretes mucus which lubricates the vaginal opening.

4-SKENE\’S GLANDS

1-It is also called paraurethral glands.2-it is alike to the prostate gland in the male.3-it has situated either side of the external urethral opening. BLOOD SUPPLY  

Arteries 1-Branches of internal pudendal artery .2-Branches of  femoral artery VEINS  1-Internal pudendal nerve .2-Vesical or vaginal plexus 3-Long saphenous vein .  LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE – Is via internal ,iliac and sacral gland NERVE SUPPLY By sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibres .
The lower vagina supplied  with  sensory nerve fibers from the pudendal nerve .
THE UTERUS The uterus is a thick ,hollow , muscular,pear shaped organs,located in the pelvis between the urinary bladder infront and rectum behind .The non-pregnant uterus weight-60 gm
Length – 7cm and in inches 3 inch .Wide -5 cm – in  inches 2 inch .Thickness -2.5cm ,in inches 1.2 inch .It is anteverted  inclining forward over the bladder about right angle to the vagina and ante flexed bending slightly forward on itself at the at the internal os between the corpus and cervix..
POSITION OF THE UTERUS Normally bent forward It\’s upper part rest on the urinary bladder .Ante-flexion and anteversion position.STRUCTURE OF THE UTERUS The body of the uterus is composed of three layers  of tissues .1– PERIMETRIUM This is outer outer layers of uterus It is thin layer It covers the fundus and  the anterior surface of the level of the internal os It is continues with broad ligament . MYOMETRIUM It consists of thick bundles of smooth muscles fibre held by connective tissues .This is strong muscle fibres arrangeed in three layers .Outer layer of fibres run longitudinaly  The middle layer runs obliquely.
Inner layer runs circular fashion .
During the third stage of labour.the myometrium acts as a living ligature by contracting it\’s fibers  
ENDOMETRIUM  The innermost mucous lining of the cavity is called endometrium .

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MYOMETRIUM